Resilient metal wheel construction



July 14, 1925. 1,545,736

J. w. CARNAHAN RESILIENT METAL WHEEL CONSTRUCTION 3 She'et-Sh'eet' 1 Gum/M1 July 14, 1925. 1,545,736

J. w. CARNAHAN RESILIENT METAL WHEEL CONSTRUCTION J. W. OAR/M0194! attozmq.

m wa

Patented July 14, 1925.

UNITED PATENT OFFICE.-

GARNAHAN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING CORPORATION, NECTIOU'I, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

on Bmnenrontr, "con- RESELIENT METAL WHEEL CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed A p1i1 5, 1920. Serial No. 371,335.

To all whom it may concerns Be it known that 1, JOHN WORTH CARNA- HAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at lVashington, District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Resilient Metal Wheel Constr'uctions; and I do hereby declare the following to be a tull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. o

This invention relates to resilient wheels for automobiles and other vehicles, and the primary object of the invention is the provision of a metal wheel that is considerably stronger than the ordinary Woodenwheel, which is practically non-collapsible, and

which by its resiliency Will cushion and obviate the shocks and jars, whereby to make the vehicle ride easier, as well as increasing the lite ot the tire, and efficiency of the machine.

Another object is the provision of resilient spokes between the hub and telly 0t suchtorm and arrangement as to normally hold the hub and telly concentric against ordinary light strains and shocks, and against the ordinary tendency tor the weight of the machine to depress the hub, the parts of the wheel being tense between the hub and telly to resist unnecessary displacement and resiliency, yet enabling the hub and telly to yield in all directions in the plane ot the Wheel when subjected to a sudden j ar,shock or stress, such as when the wheel strikes an obstruction or rut in'the road,or when the vehicle is being started or stoppec resulting in a torsional strain between the hub and telly.

A further object is the provision of such a wheel in which the spokes are sutliciently rigid and tense as to retain the hub and telly concentric underordinary conditions,

and resulting in the stress thereon being received and distributed to all ot the spokes simultaneously and practically unitorm throughout, thereby avoiding injurious stresses on individual spokes, such as would be apt to unduly burden them, and the arrangement providing for the effectual rebound ot the spokes to normal position as soon as the stress or strain is removed.

Another object is to provide novel means for anchoring the spokes tol the hub and ,telly, toprovide a strong and rigidconstruct1on, without danger otthe spokes being crystallized, loosened ;or torn from either the hub or telly, and retaining the spokes in position under tension at all times to brace the hub and telly in concentric relation against the ordinary stresses, yet permitting 0t flexibility to a limited degree when ab normal stresses or strains are present.

A further object is the construction ot the telly from metal, enabling same to be constructed of pressed sheet metal or other suitable stock, in a convenient and inex pensive manner, and the parts readily assembled andthe outer ends of the spokes anchored thereto, to provide a thoroughly rigid telly, which will maintain its circular shape against the severest strains to which the wheel is subjected, and which telly V will also be light in weight as compared to a solid or cast telly.

lt'is also an object of the invention to provide such a wheel. which can be used in connection with and appliedto the parts of the ordinary wheel now used, that is, the hub member ot the present construction being readily applied to an ordinary Wheel hub to take the place ot the wooden spokes, and an ordinary rim being used tor holding the usual pneumatic tire.

The invention also has as a principal object the provision of a metal wheel, the parts of which can be'readily pressed or otherwise tormed from sheet metal or other metal stock, in small pieces in duplicate, and.

which can be readily assembled to build up the wheel and providing a thoroughly rigid telly otsectional construction, a strong hub, tense resilient spokes, and secure anchors tor the spokes in the hub and telly.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, .which will beapparent as the de scription proceeds, the invention resides in the construction and arrangement of parts hereinatter described and claimed, it being understood that changes can be made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is aside elevation of the im- 7 proved wheel, with the tire removed.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevation illustrating {LIME-11 0t spokes and the manner of matic tire.

anchoring them in the huband telly, .por-

tions being shown in section.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged section through the hub on the line 3-8 of Fig. 1, portions being shown in elevation.

Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional details on the respective lines 1- 1 and 5-5 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 66 ot Fig. 1 along-the inner circumterence ot the telly, shown laid flat.

Fig. 6 is a view similar toFig. 6 ot the telly only, partly in section, with the rim, spokes and other parts removed.

Fig. 7 is a view similar'to Fig. 4 showing a modification providing 'tor a demountable run.

I Fig. 8 is an elevation ot 'o ne ot the spokeanchoring keys showing the torm thereot betore being compressed and inserted into place.

The wheel comprises a hub '1'1,trom which the spokes 12 radiate to the telly13 on which the rim 14: is disposed. As shown, an ordinary rim is employed, tor holding a pneu- Each spoke 12 consists of a flat strip or piece, preferably of uniform width and thickness throughout its length, and composed ot metal of good quality, so as to possess requisite inherent rigidity and resiliency and to ordinarily maintain'its shape, yet permit ot flexibility under an excessive strain or load. Each spoke is to'rmed to present a double or duplex compound curve and is of sinuous tor'm, with the curves of gentle curvature and decreasing'in size from the inner to the outer end ot the spoke. The spoke isnotbent much from a straight line between its outer and inner ends, to avoid excessive bending of the spoke when subjected to a compression or tensile strain between its ends, making the spoke practically rigid under. ordinary stresses and strains, yet permitting it to give longitudinally in both directions, so that the spoke is both compressible and elastic longitudinally to a limited degree. Thus, each spoke has a main compound curve comprising the curved portion 15 extending trom the inner end portion of the spoke, trom which the reversely curved portion 16 extends; This compound curve is of a length of about twothirds ot the distance between the hub and telly, extending to the point 17 and from thepoint 17 to the telly the spoke has a secondary compound curve about the same shape as the main compound curve, yet of smaller size. Thus, the portion 16 merges into the secondary compound curve having the curved portion 18 corresponding to the curved portion 15 but of smaller size. The curved portions 15, 16 and 18 decrease in length or size in succession, from the hub to the telly, whereby the greatest flexure ot the spokes is in the curved portions 15 and ondary flexible points where the spokes can bend or flex near the telly. I

The spokes are arranged in pairs, and the spokes 0t eachpair converge toward one another trom the hub to the telly, and in view of the double compound curvature of the spokes, the space between them is ot a shape quite similar to the outline of a bowl ing pin with its base adjacent to the hub, and the head adjacent to the telly. Thus, the portions 15' are bowed away from one another, and the portions 16 are bowed toward one another, providing a reduced portion or'neck at the point 17, and the portions 18'are bowed apart outwardly beyond the point 17. The shape of the spokes between the point 17 and telly is ot about the same shape as the portions of the spokes between the hub and point 17, but of smaller size, thereby providing a spring action ot the portions 18 somewhat similar to the portions 15 but of less magnitude. Thus, when there is a compression strain on a pair 0t spokes between the hub and telly, the opposite ends of the spokes being torced toward one another, will bend the portions 15 away from one another, the portions 16 toward one another, and the portions 18 apart, the greatest bending of the spokes'being in the portions 15 and 16. The secondary portions 18, however, serve to absorb and neutralize the strain or stress between the main portions of the spokes and the telly, thereby reducing to a minimum the tendency for the spokes to crystallize at the points where they engage the telly 13. The secondary compound curved portions are'theretore important in addition to themain compound curved portidns, inasmuch as the main portions provide tor the major resiliency otthe spokes, while the secondary portions serve to transmit the strains between the main portions and telly in suchamanner, as to further cushion or absorb the shocks and to also enable the spokes to bend between the main portions and telly, to eliminate crystallization and breaking of the spokes adj acent to the telly. This will theretore avoid the sharp bending of the spokes adjacent to the telly. The adjacent spokes ot the several pairs are in the form of a wish-bone as seen in Fig. 1, such spokes diverging from the hub to the telly, whereby they will brace the hub and telly, to resist the rotary displacement thereof relatively to one another, clue to torsion in driving the telly from the hub or in resisting the rotation of the telly by applying a brake to the hub 'or driving gear.

Thus, the tendency tor the hub and telly to rotate relatively, due to the driving force 1y radial, although substantially so. The

gentle bends or curves of the spokes will enable them to resist longitudinal compression or expansion under ordinary loads and stresses, in order to hold the hub and telly concentric, and the spokes are not bent under ordinary conditions, although they can fiex under abnormal stresses and loads. Thus, when the hub and felly are .moved relatively to one another, some spokes are com pressed longitudinally, .while the opposite ones are stretched and the intervening spokes flexed transversely, thereby distributing the strain throughout all of the spokes, without subjecting individual spokes or a group oi them to undue strain. The hub and telly will recover their concentric relation as soon as the strain is removed. Furthermore, when there is an abnormal torsional strain between the hub and telly, such as when starting or stopping suddenly, they can rotate relatively slightly, in which event one spoke of each pair 1s compressed and the other spoke of each pair stretched, applying the stresses to all of the spokes. This action of the spokes .is resisted by the bracing action thereof under ordinary strains in starting and stopping, but when the strains are abnormal due to sudden shocks, the spokes can yield as indicated, to avoid the strain and wear and tear on the tire which being rigidly secured to the hub and telly and being under tension, will distribute all of the strains practically uniformly through out all of the spokes, and a strain applied to one. spoke will be distributed to all. of

them. Due to the curvature of the spokes, the strain applied to either end will be dis ,tributed throughout the length of the spoke,

the greatest amount of bending occurring in the portions 15 and 16, and the amount of bending decreasing in magnitude from the portions 15 to the outer ends of the spokes. This is ofadvantage, inasmuch as the amount of bending of the spokes adj acent to the telly is reduced to a minimum, and the bending of the spokes and stresses thereof are gradually reduced from the inner to the outer ends of the spokes.

. The hub 11 is of hollow sheet metal conedges extending at an angle therefrom toward one another with their edges abutting,

said terminals in the hub.

is light in wei ht andstrong. The hub 11, as shown, is an insert or secondary hub of a size to fit on an ordinary wheel. hub. 22 having the flanges 23 and 24:. Thus, the

insert hub 11 can be applied to the ordinary hub to be held between the flanges 23 and 24, from between which the wooden spokes have been removed, or a special hub can be used. However, the provision of the hub 11 enables the same to be applied to an ordinary hub, and the hub 11 can be of various sizes and proportions for application to various wheel hubs. The side-plates 19 have apertures 25 for the passage of the bolts 26 which extend through the flanges 23 and 24;, thereby clamping the insert hub 11 between said flanges on the main hub 22, and providing for the convenient application of the present structure to and the removal thereof from an ordinary hub, not only for the purpose of installing the present wheel structure on ordinary hubs, but also permitting the wheel to be taken off for repair or for replacement,

.The inner terminals of the spokes are anchored within the parts of the hub 1'l.-

Thus, the annular side plates 19 have radial slots 27 terminating short of the inner edges of said plates and extending to the outer edges and transversely through the flanges 21, as at 23. The inner terminals of: the spokes 12 extend through the slots 28 and within the slots 27. Adjacent terminals ot the pairsot spokes are fitted within the slots of the hub, so that the spokes extend in zigzag arrangement between the hub and telly in the annular space therebetween. Thus, the outer ends of the spokes of the several pairs are together, whilethe inner terminals are separated and assembled with the corresponding terminals of the companion spokes of the adjacent pairs. The inner terminals of the spokes have their edges fitted within the slots 27 of both hub sections, the inner ends'of said slots having T-heads 29 and the inner ends of the spokes are bent at an angle away from one another to fit in the heads 29 of said slots, whereby to anchor and position Furthermore, the slots 2? have enlargements 31 between their ends, and the terminals of the spokes have the curved portions 32 separated from one another to fit in the enlargements 31. of the slots, and pins 33 are driven between the portions 32 to hold them locked within the slots, thus further anchoring the spokes in the hub. The terminals of the spokes bear against one another inwardly of the pins 33, and spring keys 34 of thin sheet 1nember of inexpensive construction, which 33 and terminals projecting betweenthe spokes within the slots 28, thereby separating the spokes where they emerge from the hub, to avoid the spokes rubbing against one another at this point. The edges of the metal are swaged inwardly along the slots 27 and 28 and around the bolt holes 25, as at 35, thereby presenting broad bearing surfaces to the spokes and bolts instead of such bearing surfaces being only of a width equal to the thickness of the sheet metal. This will increase the bearing surfacesbetween the hub and the spokes and bolts, to considerably increase the strength of the connection therebetween.

In assembling the spokes and hub, the spokes can be inserted transversely into the slots of the hub, and the keys 34 and pins 33 then inserted and driven into place, and said pins will slightly expand the keys and separate the portions 32 of the spokes and tightly clamp them seated within the portions 31 of the slots 27, as well as clamping the inner terminals of thespokes against the edges of the slots and abutments 35.

The pins 33 are retained in place by friction, and, furthermore, are held between the flanges 23 and 24 of the main hub, and the friction is sufliciently great to hold the parts of the hub 11 assembled, even when such hub is removed from the main hub 22.

Coming to the construction of the felly 13, it is, like the hub, also constructed of sheet metal and comprises opposite annular rings, each of which is divided into arcuate sections or plates 36. Thus, said plates can be pressed from sheet metal stock without the waste that would be required if the rings of the felly were each of one annular piece. These short arcuate sections 36 are all alike, and the sections of the rings of the felly abut end to end and form the annular side walls of the hollow felly. The sections or plates 36 are disposed parallel to the median plane of the wheel, and at their inner edges are provided with annular series of arcuate flanges 37 extending at an angle, such' flanges of the opposite plates 36 extending toward one another and being provided at their adjacent edges with outturned lips 38 which abut one another, as seen in Fig. 4, thereby stiffening and strengthening the flanges 37 and providing a broad bearing surface between them. The plates 36 and lips 38 give the felly considerable radial and longitudinal strength, to resist the distortion of the felly even under considerable stress tending to collapse it into elliptical shape. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 6, the plates 36 are in staggered relation at the opposite sides with the joints of the plates of one set intermediate the joints of the plates of the other set, so that each joint is stiffened by the corresponding plate of the other set. This avoids thebreaking. of the felly at the joints, and makes it practically as strong as though the plates 36 were of integral annular construction. This felly is of channel-shaped cross section, as seen in Fig. 4, thereby being strong and light in weight.

The outer edges 39 of the plates 36 are bent at an obtuse angle away from one another, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5, to have a wedge fit against th'e'edges of metal straps 40 which are welded, riveted or otherwise secured to the inner circumference of the rim 14. These straps 40 are of suitable metal, and are disposed longitudinally of the rim with their ends spaced apart, and one of said straps is located between the outer ends of each two adjacent pairs of spokes. The ends of the straps 40 are bent to provide offsets 41 spaced inwardly from the rim '14, curved seats 42 extending inwardly from the offsets and separated from one another at the adjacent ends of said straps,-and lips 43 extending from the inner ends of the seats 42 and overlapping the ends of the flanges 37. The flanges 37 are of a. length approximately'equa-l to the distances bet-ween the outer ends of the adjacent pairs of spokes and form the inner periphery of the felly, and the ends of the flanges 87 and lips 38 are cut so as to fit snugly against'the seats 42 behind the lips 43, as seen in Fig. 2, whereby the terminals of the straps 40 and flanges 37 are fitted together to provide a rigid construction at such points. The plates 36, however, extend across the edges of the terminals of the straps 40, and the spaces between the ends of the fianges-37 provide openings in the inner periphery of the felly, as seen in Fig. 6, for the passage thereby anchoring the outer terminals of the spokes to the felly. Bolts 47 or pinch rivets are inserted through the plates 36 and between the portions 45 ofthe spokes, whereby toseparate said portions and hold them firmly against the seats'42 and the lips 43 tight against the flanges 37, and spring keys 52 of sheet metal have loops extending around the bolts 47 and terminals extending inwardly between the spokes at the point 44, thereby separating the spokes where they enter the felly and avoiding abrasion of the spokes against one another, and reducing the tendency for the spokes to crystallize where they connect with the folly. The bolts 47 extend at one end through apertures 48 betwecnthe ends of the plates 36 and at the otherend through notches .49 in the adjacent ends of said plates, and the heads and nuts 51 of said bolts cover said apertures and notches, as well as clamping the plates 36 against the edges of the straps 40 and spokes. The spokes in thus entering the felly with their outer terminals curved apart, passing between the bolts 47 and seats 42, and then bent apart to abut the rim 14 and overlap the offsets l1, provide a rigid anchor between each pair of spokes and the felly, whereby the stresses and strains between the spokes and felly will be properly transmitted from one to the other. The stresses due to the tendency of the portions 45 to moveoutwardly or inwardly be-' tween the seats 42, will be gradually merged between the felly and spokes from one to the other.

It will be noted that the straps 40 at the upper portion of the wheel will serve as key-stone members between the upper ends of the upper spokes, forming a part of the arch comprising the upper portion of the wheel, whereby the upper spokes in being tensioned or under tensile strain will result in said straps or keystone members taking up the strain by a compressive strain on said members or straps and the upper arch portion of the felly. This will greatly assist in preventing the upper ends of the spokes above the hub from tearing loose from the felly, and will considerably strengthen the felly. Not only does the upper portion of the telly constitute an arch from which the upper spokes are suspended, but the straps or members 40 in the felly provide the keystone elfect to take up the strains and to receive compression strains when the upper spokes are under tension.

In assemblingthe parts, the straps 40 being permanently secured to I the rim, the spokes are inserted laterally between the terminals of the straps, and the plates 36 then slid laterally into place, the keys 52 having been inserted between the terminals of the spokes. The bolts 47 are then driven through the felly and between the spokes and then tightened to clamp the parts rigidly together, and to make the felly rigid and substantial. The terminals of the straps 40 hold the'plates 36 against the rim, and also serve to effectively transmit the strain be tween the spokes and the felly. The outer edges of the plates 36 fit the edges of the straps 40 and also abut the inner periphery of the rim 14, and the parts are all looked together by the bolts 47. The terminals of the straps are prevented from spreading by the provision of the flanges 37 located between the terminals of the straps substantially coextensive with the straps where they extend along the rim, and the lips 43 over lapping the flanges 37 will hold the plates 36 against the rim lhwhile the bolts 4;? clamp.

the plates36 against the straps and also clamp the spokes betweenthem.

The flanges 37 of two'opposite plates 86 can be provided with adj acent notches form- The spokes areall duplicates of one. an

other, I being in reversed positions alternately,-and the two parts of the hub are also duplicates of one another, as well as the sec tions or plates 36 of the felly and straps 40 Such parts can be readily manufactured by pressing them from metal, or the like, and the'parts can be readily assembled and pressed into position, thereby bringing the spokes under tension to maintain the hub and felly concentric under ordinaryloads and strains. The terminals of the spokes are also securely anchored in the hub and felly, to transmit the strains without danger of the spokes'loosening or breaking off, and the spokes present a uniformly tense connection between the hub and felly, which will distribute the greatest as well as the. small strains uniformly throughout, the spokes as a Whole.

Fig. 8 illustrates one ofthe spring keys in its natural open position before being compressed and driven into place. This key is made of thin spring metal-,the same as the spokes but preferably thinner, and is highly tempered and hard like the spokes. The key has a loop and diverging terminals 61, said loop being normally opened slightly before being driven home. In applying the key, the terminals 61 are pressed together, therebycontracting the loop 60, so that the key can be inserted between the terminals of the spokes with theloop 60 fitting between and within the separated curved portions of the spokes. When the key is driven into place, the expansion of the loop 60 will spread or separate the spokes to seat the curved portions thereof within the hub or felly, whichever is the case, and the terminals of the key having a, tendency to separate will bear tightly against the corresponding spokes, thereby laminating the spokes where they enter the hub or the felly. This will considerably reenforce and stiffen the spokes when they enter the hub or felly, and the spring keys can yield with the spokes thereby serving to modify the tendency for the spokes to bend excessively where they enter the hub or felly. These keys will also look the spokes within the hub and felly before the insertion of the pins 33 and bolts 47, and when said pins and bolts are driven into the keys, they enlarge the loops thereof to spread the portions 32 211101 45 of the' V spokes and hold them tightly seated under ing of the portions against the seats 42' will also .draw the lips 43 tightly against the flanges 8'4". lVhile the spokes and keys are of hard metal, the bolts 457 and pins 83 are of soft metal, as well as the side sections of the hub and straps 40, thereby anchoring the terminals of the spokes in softer metal, and further eliminating the cause forcrystallization ofthe spokes adjacent to the hub and felly, since the spokes in being anchored within soft metal and around keys'embracing soft metal, will serve to distribute the strains from the terminals of the spokes without localizing such strains; -:'lhe soft meta-lparts ofthe hub and felly thus take the strains from. the spokes in an efiicient and effective manner, and, with the keys,

eliminate the tendency for thespokes to crystallize where they enter .thehub'and felly. i

The exposed surfaces of the hub and felly aresmooth and practically devoid of any Fig 7', illustrates anmodification for use;

with a demountablerirn. In this arrangement, thestraps 4:0 are-detached from the rim 14, and members are secured to the rim instead, being provided with offsets or portions 56 fitting the edge portions of the plates 36. Clips 57' are hel'd by the bolts 17, being clamped against the platesi-BG, and

have hooks 5801 other suitable portionsto move into engagement with'tlie rim l4; and portions 56 whereby to hold the parts as sembled. By loosening the bolts, the clips 57 are loosened and. the hooks 53 can be disengaged from the portions 56, thereby enabling the rim to be removed conveniently and subsequently applied to the felly;

Having thus described-the invention, what is claimed as new is l. A resilient whee-l comprising a hub felly and resilient. spokes connecting them, said spokes being sinuous and having double compound curves and the curved portions decreasing'in size from the hub to the felly. 2. A resilient Wheel comprising a hub,

folly and resilient spokes connecting them,

said spokes being formed with a doubie compound curve including a relatively long compound curved portion adjacent to the hub and arelat-ively short secondary compound curved port-ion merging into the aforesaid portion and located adjacent to the telly. i

of the construction as 3. A resilient Wheel comprising a hub,

' felly and resilient spokes connecting them,

said spokes being arranged in pairs, the spokes of each pair converging from the hubto the felly, the spokes being sinuous and having double compound curves and the curved portions decreasing in size from the hub tothefelly.

l. rkresilient wheel comprising a hub, folly and resilient spokes connecting them, said spokes being arranged in pairs, the spokes" of each pair converging from the hub to the felly, said spokes being of double. compound curvature and having relatively long main compound curve-d1 portions extending from the hub and secondary relatively short compound curved portions merging into the aforesaid portions and located adjacent to the telly.

5. A resilient wheel comprising a hub, felly and resilient spokes having their terminals rigidly secured to the hub and felly, said spokes being of double-compound curvature and arranged in pairs, the spokes of each pair converging from the hub to the felly, and the space between the spokeso-f each pair 'being substantially of the shape of'a bowling pin. I

6; A wheelzcomprising a felly composed of annularside walls having flanges extending toward one another and forming the inner periphery of the felly, the adjacent ends of said flanges being spaced apart to provide openings in said inner periphery,

spokes having outer terminals extending in separate andQclamp; the-nrwithin the felly.

' 7. A wheel comprising a felly composed of annular side, walls, seats between. said walls, spokes having outer terminals ex tending in pairs betweensaid-walls and between said seats, the terminal'sof each pair having separated portions bearing against said seats and anchoring the corresponding spokes within the felly, and securing elements connecting said side walls and extending between said separated. portions to clamp said portions in opposite directions against said'seats.

S. A wheel comprising a felly composed of annular side walls having flanges extendi'ng toward one another and forming the inner periphery of the felly, the adjacent ends of said flanges being spaced apart to provide openings in said periphery, seats within the felly adjacent to said openings, spokes having their outer terminals extending in pairs through said openings and between said seats, said terminals ofv each pair having separated portions to engage said seats and anchor the corresponding spokes in the telly, and securing members connecting said side walls tor holding them together and extending between said sepanted portions to clamp said portions against said seats.

9. A wheel comprising a telly composed ot annular side walls, members disposed between said walls and having their adjacent ends located close together, spokes having their outer terminals extending in pairs between said walls and between the adjacent ends of said members, and securing means connecting said side walls between spoke terminals to hold the walls assembled with said members, and also securing said" terminals to the ends 0t said members.

10. A wheel comprising a telly and spokes, said telly having opposite side plates, the spokes extending between said plates, said plates having flanges at their inner edges extending toward one another and abutting edge to edge between said plates, said flanges extending trom one spoke to another with the spokes located between the adjacent ends of said flanges, and securing meansconnecting said plates outwardly beyond said flanges for securing them together, holding said flanges in abutment, and anchoring the spokes within the telly.

11. A wheel comprising a telly and spokes, said telly having opposite side plates, the spokes extending between said plates, said plates having flanges extending toward one another and the telly having seats between said plates and engaging said flanges, the outer terminals of the spokes fitting said seats to anchor the spokes within the telly.

12. A wheel comprising a telly and spokes, said telly having opposite side plates provided with flanges extending toward one another, the telly having seats between said plates engaging said flanges, the spokes extending in pairs between the side plates and between the ends of said flanges and having portions separated troin one another and fitting said seats, and means connecting said plates and holding said portions of the spokes in engagement with said seats.

13. A. wheel comprising a telly and spokes, said telly including opposite'side plates and a series ot straps between said side plates, the spokes extending between said 1 as, and the outer terminals ot the spokes and terminals ot the straps having interengagin portions to anchor the spokes within th telly.

1.4:. A wheel comprising a telly and spokes, said telly including opposite side plates and a series of straps, said plates l'iaving flanges extending toward one another, the spokes ex tending between the plates and between the ends ot the flanges, the terminals 0t said straps engaging the ends of said flanges at opposite sides ot the spokes, and said tcrminals ot the straps and spokes being bent to interengage one another tor anchoringfthe spokes-within thetelly.

15. a wheel comprisin a telly and spokes,

said telly including opposite side plates and a series ot longitudinal straps, said alates having flanges extending toward one anoverlap wing said, flan es the outer terminals ot the spokes having separated portions fitting in said seats, and securing ele-' ments connecting said plates and extending between said portions ot the spokes to hold them in said seats. 7 1

16. A wheel telly comprising side plates having annular series ot arcuate flanges at their inner edges extending toward one an, other and abut-ting between said plates, with spaces between the ends ot the flanges tor the passage ot spokes into the telly, and means adjacent to said spaces tor rigidly anchoring the spokes between the ends of the flanges.

17. A wheel telly ,coinprisingside plates having annular series 0t arciiate flanges attheir inner edges extending toward one an other and abutting, with spaces between the ends thereot tor the passage ot spokes into the telly, and securing elements extending through-said plates adjacent to the endsot the flanges tor anchoring the spokes within the telly, and securing the plates together.

18. A hollow wheel telly comprising opposite side walls having flanges extending toward one another to torni the inner periphery of t 1e telly, each wall and its flange being composed ot arcnate sections dis: posed end to end, said inner periphery having openings tor the reception ot spokes, the sections ot one wall being, in staggered re lation with the sections ot the other wall, and means tor securing said walls together and anchoring the spokes within'the telly,

19. A wheel telly comprising opposite annular side walls each composed of arcuate sections disposed end to end, the sections 0t one wall being in staggered relation with the sections ot the other wall, and securing elements extending through said walls and having portions bearing against the outer surtaees of said walls, each securing element extending between the adjacent ends 0t two sections ot one wall and through a section ot the other wall between the ends 0t such section.

20. A wheel telly composed 0t two rings torniing the sides and inner periphery ot the telly, each ring being divided into arcuate sections disposed end to end, the sections of one ring being in staggered relation with the sections ot the other ring, and means within the telly tor anchoring spokes therein at the ends 0t said sections.

21, A wheel :telly comp-rising opposite rings each composed of annular series of arcuate plates arranged end to end, the plates ot one ring being instaggered relation with the plates of the other ring, said plates having series of flanges extending toward one another, and 'means for the attachment ot spokes between the ends of said flanges. r

22. A wheel telly comprismg opposite rings each composed of an annular series of arcuate plates arranged end to end, said plates of one ring being in staggered rela tion with the plates of the other ring, sald plates having flanges at their inner edges extending toward one another, the flanges being arranged in series with their ends adj acent to the ends of said plates of both of said rings, and securing means connecting said plates tor, the attachment ot spokes between the ends ot said flanges.

23. A wheel comprising a telly and spokes, said telly including opposite rings composed of annular serles 0t arcuate plates arranged end to end, the plates of one ring being in staggered relatlon with the plates ot the other ring and having annular series of arcuate flanges extending toward one an other, spokes extending between the ends of th flanges and between said plates, and means connecting said plates and anchoring the spokes within the telly.

24:; A wheel comprising a telly and spoke-s, said telly including opposite rings each composed ot an annular series of arcu ate plates arranged end to end, the plates of one ring being in staggered relation with the plates of the other ring, and having annular series 0t flanges extending toward one anotherat their inner edges, the spokes extending between the ends of said flanges and between said plates of the two rings, the

telly having seats bearing against the ends 0t said flanges, the spokes being fitted in said seats, and securing elements connecting said plates ot the two rings and lockingthe spokes in said seats.

25. A wheel comprising a telly and spokes, said telly including rings each composed of an annular series of arc-uate plates disposed end to end, said plates 0t one ring being in, staggered relat-ionwith the plates ot the other ring and having flanges at their inner edges extending toward one another, said flanges being arcuate and in annular series with their ends spaced apart adjacent to the ends ot said plates, the telly also including a series ot straps having their terminals: tormed with seats abutting the ends of said flanges and provided with lips overlapping said flanges, said spokes extending in pairs between said seats, and having portions fitting in said seats, and securing elements extending through said plates and between the spokes for securing the plates togeth r and locking th spokes in place.

26. A wheel telly comprising annularside members having arcuateseries 0t flanges at their inner edges extending toward one another with their ends spaced apart to receive the spokes, and straps titted between the outer edges of said members and having their terminals tormed to receive and an-' cho r the spokes between them, said termi.-' nals engaging the ends of said flanges.

27(A wheel comprising a hollow metal telly having openings in its inner periphery, spokes extending throughsaid openings, and members in the telly with their ends adjacent to said openings, each member extending the distance between two openings, the

said telly, the spokes having separated portions clamped and anchored between said seats. I

29. A wheel comprising a hollow metal telly having openings in its inner periphery, spokes extending through said openings, and members in the telly with their ends adjacent to said openings, each member extending the distance between two openings, said members having portions at their ends disposed in said openings, the spokes being disposed between said portions and being clamped and anchored between the adjacent ends of said members.

30. A wheel comprising a hollow metal telly having openings in its inner periphery, spokes extending through said openings, and metal straps between the sides ot the telly having their ends terminating adjacent to said openings, each strap extending the distance between two openings, the straps being spaced from the inner periphery of the telly and having their end portions formed with seats, said end portions of the straps being disposed in said openings and bearing against the inner periphery of the telly, the spokes being disposed between said end portions ot the straps and being clamped and anchored between said seats.

31. A wheel comprising a telly having said members being disposed at the outer said straps, said spokes and strap terminals edges of said walls to engage a rim surbeing bent to interengage and anchor the rounding the felly. spokes to the telly, and means securing said 32. A wheel comprising a felly having side walls, straps and spokes together.

annular side walls, spokes extending be- In testimony whereof I have signed my tween said walls, arcuate straps between said name tothis specification in the presence of walls at the outer edges thereof for engagetwo subscribing Witnesses.

ment with a rim surrounding the telly, the JOHN WORTH CARNAHAN.

terminals of said straps extending inwardly Witnesses: toward the center of the wheel, the spokes Mormon E. MILLER, extending between the adjacent terminals of THOS. W; RILEY. 

